Yes — and understanding this before it happens makes it easier to navigate if it does. PANS and PANDAS are relapsing-remitting conditions, which means many children improve with treatment but can experience a return of symptoms when a new trigger appears. A relapse does not mean treatment failed. It means the underlying immune vulnerability is still present. Every child's pattern is different — some have a single episode and never experience another, while others cycle through multiple episodes over years. Working with your provider to recognize early warning signs and have a plan in place before a relapse happens can make a significant difference.